Mathematics uses hundreds of symbols that cannot be typed on a standard keyboard. This complete reference covers every major category of mathematical notation.
Basic Operators
+ − × ÷ — plus, minus, multiply, divide.
± (U+00B1) — plus or minus, used in measurement uncertainty.
∓ (U+2213) — minus or plus, the reverse of ±.
Comparison Symbols
= ≠ < > ≤ ≥ — equal, not equal, less/greater than, and their or-equal variants.
≈ (U+2248) — approximately equal, used for rounded values.
≡ (U+2261) — identical to / defined as.
∝ (U+221D) — proportional to.
Calculus Symbols
∫ (U+222B) — integral. ∂ (U+2202) — partial derivative. ∇ (U+2207) — del/nabla operator. ∞ (U+221E) — infinity. ∑ (U+2211) — summation. ∏ (U+220F) — product.
Set Theory
∈ (U+2208) element of • ∉ (U+2209) not element of • ⊂ (U+2282) subset of • ∪ (U+222A) union • ∩ (U+2229) intersection • ∅ (U+2205) empty set.
Logic Symbols
∧ (U+2227) AND • ∨ (U+2228) OR • ¬ (U+00AC) NOT • ⇒ (U+21D2) implies • ⇔ (U+21D4) iff • ∴ (U+2234) therefore • ∵ (U+2235) because.