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Complete Greek Alphabet — Copy & Paste All Letters

All 24 Greek letters with both uppercase and lowercase forms, their English names, and their common uses in mathematics, science, and everyday language. Click any row to copy the lowercase letter.

UppercaseLowercaseNameCommon Uses
ΑαAlphaFirst, beginning, alpha particle, significance level
ΒβBetaSecond, beta testing, beta radiation, regression coefficient
ΓγGammaGamma radiation, gamma function, shear strain
ΔδDeltaChange, difference, river delta, Dirac delta function
ΕεEpsilonSmall quantity in calculus, permittivity, empty string
ΖζZetaRiemann zeta function, damping ratio
ΗηEtaEfficiency, viscosity, eta meson
ΘθThetaAngle, temperature (thermodynamics), angular position
ΙιIotaTiny amount ('not one iota'), iota subscript
ΚκKappaCurvature, thermal conductivity, spring constant
ΛλLambdaWavelength, lambda calculus, decay constant, eigenvalue
ΜμMuMicro- (10⁻⁶), mean, friction coefficient, magnetic permeability
ΝνNuFrequency, kinematic viscosity, neutrino
ΞξXiRandom variable, xi baryon
ΟοOmicronFifteenth letter, COVID-19 variant name
ΠπPiπ ≈ 3.14159, circle ratio, prime counting function
ΡρRhoDensity, resistivity, correlation coefficient, rho meson
ΣσSigmaSummation (Σ), standard deviation (σ), stress, Stefan-Boltzmann
ΤτTauTorque, shear stress, tau lepton, 2π constant
ΥυUpsilonUpsilon meson, sometimes used for velocity
ΦφPhiGolden ratio (φ ≈ 1.618), magnetic flux, work function
ΧχChiChi-squared test, electric susceptibility
ΨψPsiWave function (quantum), psychology symbol
ΩωOmegaOhm (Ω), angular frequency (ω), last/final
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